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A Beginner's Guide to Spreadsheets

A guide to using spreadsheets for beginners.

Written by Heather Phillips

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You don't need to be a spreadsheet expert to use Tiller. You just need to know your way around the grid, which cells are yours to change, and how the tabs connect. This guide covers exactly that.

It's for anyone who is new to spreadsheets, or who has used them without ever feeling sure of what's going on. Examples use the Tiller Foundation Template, and everything works in both Google Sheets and Excel.

How to use it: read sections 1 through 4 in order. They're the must-knows. Then jump to whatever you need. Each section ends with a short "Try it" you can do in your own Tiller sheet.

📚 This guide is about spreadsheet skills. For setting up Tiller itself (linking accounts, budgeting, AutoCat), see the Tiller Foundations Guide.

1. The anatomy of a spreadsheet

Every spreadsheet is a grid, and every square in that grid has an address. Once you can find an address, the rest gets much easier.

Term

What it is

In your Tiller sheet

Spreadsheet (or workbook)

The whole file you open

Your Tiller Foundation Template

Tab (or sheet)

One page inside the file

Transactions, Categories, Balances… along the bottom edge

Column

A vertical stack of cells, named by a letter

Column A holds Date on Transactions

Row

A horizontal line of cells, named by a number

Each transaction is one row

Cell

One box where a column and row meet

One transaction's amount

Cell address

Column letter + row number

D5 = column D, row 5

Header row

Row 1, which labels each column

Date, Description, Category, Amount…

Tabs are like chapters

One file holds many tabs, and each tab has its own job. Here's what each tab in the Foundation Template does (source):

Tab

What it's for

Spending Trends

A visual breakdown of where your money goes over time

Transactions

Every transaction from your linked accounts, ready to review and categorize

Categories

Your list of categories and budget amounts

AutoCat

Rules for categorizing transactions automatically. Only needed if you want complex rules or need exclusion rules.

Monthly Budget

Spending vs. budget, one month at a time

Yearly Budget

Your budget progress across the whole year

Accounts

How your accounts are grouped and labeled on Balances

Balances

The current balance of each linked account

Balance History

A record of each account's balance at every refresh (hidden by default)

Hidden tabs

Some tabs are hidden, so the tabs you see aren't always all there is.

In Google Sheets, the button at the bottom-left lists every tab, and View > Hidden sheets shows the hidden ones.

In Excel, right-click any tab and choose Unhide.

Try it: open your Tiller sheet, navigate through each tab along the bottom.

2. Getting around

The biggest beginner surprise: clicking a cell once selects it, and typing right away replaces everything in it. Double-click when you want to change just part of what's there.

Selecting and editing

  • Click once to select a cell. Double-click to edit what's inside.

  • Esc backs out without saving your change.

  • Enter saves and moves down. Tab saves and moves right.

  • Click a column letter or row number to select the whole column or row.

Five shortcuts worth knowing

Action

Mac

Windows

Undo

Cmd + Z

Ctrl + Z

Redo

Cmd + Y

Ctrl + Y

Copy

Cmd + C

Ctrl + C

Paste

Cmd + V

Ctrl + V

Find (search the tab)

Cmd + F

Ctrl + F

Find is the quickest way to locate a transaction. Press Cmd/Ctrl + F on the Transactions tab and type part of the description, like "Costco."

Later we'll discuss adding a filter, which is another way to search for a specific description.

3. What's really in a cell

What a cell shows and what it holds can be two different things. The formula bar, just above the grid (column letters), always shows what the cell really holds.

Typed values vs. formulas

  • A typed value is data that was entered like description, amount or category: Groceries, -42.50, 3/15/2026. The formula bar shows the same thing as the cell.

  • A formula starts with = and calculates an answer. The cell might show $1,250.00, but the formula bar shows something like =SUM(...).

Most of the numbers on Spending Trends, Monthly Budget and Balances are formulas. They update on their own when your transactions and balances change. If you type over one, it stops updating. That's the most common way a Tiller sheet quietly breaks, and it's why the next section matters.

Formatting changes the look, not the data

The same number can appear as 42.5, $42.50 or 42.50. Underneath, it's the same value. Dates work the same way: 3/15/2026 and Mar 15, 2026 are the same date, just formatted differently.

Try it: click a total on the Monthly Budget tab and look at the formula bar. Then click a description on Transactions and compare.

4. What you can and can't edit (in Tiller)

The rule of thumb is simple in Tiller: light green cells are yours to edit. On every tab except Transactions, leave the other cells alone. The white cells are usually formulas that other tabs depend on.

Light green = editable

Light green cells are where the template expects your input. For example:

  • Categories tab: your category names, groups, types, and budget amounts.

  • Monthly Budget tab: the date picker in the top-right corner, where you choose which month to view.

Transactions: edit freely, with three exceptions

The Transactions tab is your data, so you can change almost anything on it. Tiller keeps a copy of the original data, so edits are safe (source).

Do

Don't

Edit descriptions, dates, categories and amounts below row 1

Rename the Transactions tab

Add rows below row 1 for cash or manual transactions

Delete the header row (row 1)

Delete transaction rows you don't want

Rename core headers like Date, Description, Amount, Account, Account # or Institution

Add your own columns, or hide ones you don't use

Delete the Account ID or Transaction ID columns

Why row 1 matters: Tiller reads the header names to know where to put each piece of data. If "Description" gets overwritten, your next fill won't have descriptions. That's why Google Sheets shows a Heads up warning when you edit row 1. If the edit is on purpose, like turning on a filter, click OK and continue.

Other things to leave alone

  • Tab names on the template's tabs. Other tabs look them up by name.

  • Spreadsheet locale and date format settings. The template is built for U.S. dates (mm/dd/yyyy), and changing them can put amounts in the wrong period (source).

Try it: open the Categories tab and find the light green cells. Then open Monthly Budget and change the month with the date picker.

5. A bit about formulas

The Foundation Template's formulas are already built for you. You don't need to write any to use Tiller, and many of them are quite complex so there's not need to try and understand what they're doing unless you want to advance your spreadsheet knowledge. Knowing some basics helps you understand where a number comes from.

How to read a formula

Click the cell and look at the formula bar. Every formula starts with =, then tells the sheet what to do and which cells to use.

  • =B2+B3 adds two cells together.

  • =SUM(D2:D50) adds up every cell from D2 down to D50. The colon means "through."

  • =Transactions!D2 shows cell D2 from the Transactions tab. The exclamation point separates the tab name from the cell.

When a cell shows an error

Usually these errors show up when you edit a part of the workbook that isn't meant to be edited (see section 4 above).

You see

It usually means

#REF!

Something the formula depended on was deleted, like a row, column or tab

#N/A

The formula looked for something and couldn't find it

#ERROR! or #NAME?

The formula was typed wrong

If an error shows up on a template tab you didn't touch, try Undo or version history (section 8). If that doesn't fix it, contact Tiller support.

Try it: click a number on the Balances tab and read its formula. Can you spot which tab it's pulling from?

6. Sorting and filtering Transactions

Filtering is how you answer questions like "what did I spend at restaurants last month?" It hides the rows you don't want to see, without deleting anything.

Turning on a filter

  1. Click any cell on the Transactions tab.

  2. Google Sheets: Data > Create a filter. Excel: Data > Filter. (In Sheets, you'll see the Heads up warning from section 4. Click OK.)

  3. A small filter icon appears in each header. Click the one on Category and tick only the categories you want to see.

You can filter more than one column at once, like Category and Account together. To show everything again, open the same menu and choose Remove filter (Sheets) or Clear (Excel).

Sorting safely

Use the filter icon to sort, too. Click the icon on Date and choose to sort newest to oldest, or click Amount to see your biggest expenses first. Sorting from the filter icon moves whole rows, so every amount stays with its description.

Avoid selecting a single column and sorting it on its own. That can reorder one column without the others and mix up your transactions.

"Where did my transactions go?"

If transactions seem to be missing, a filter is probably still on. Look for:

  • Row numbers that skip (1, 2, 5, 9…).

  • A filter icon that looks filled in, or green-tinted headers (Sheets).

Remove the filter and they'll come back. Filters never delete data.

Try it: filter Transactions to one category, then sort by Amount. Remove the filter when you're done and check that every row is back.

7. How the tabs work together

Your Tiller sheet is a chain. Tiller fills raw data into a couple of tabs, and the other tabs read from them to build your reports. Change the data and every tab downstream updates on its own.

  • Transactions → Spending Trends

  • Balance History → Accounts → Balances

Transactions → Spending Trends. When you categorize a transaction, Spending Trends picks it up and updates your charts.

Balance History → Accounts → Balances. Each refresh adds your latest balances to Balance History. Accounts reads them and applies your groupings and labels. Balances then shows the current total for each account.

Budgets follow the same idea: Monthly Budget and Yearly Budget combine your budget amounts from Categories with your spending from Transactions.

Why this matters

Because tabs depend on each other, a change in one place can show up somewhere else.

If you…

What happens downstream

Categorize a transaction

Spending Trends and the budget tabs update. This is what's supposed to happen.

Leave a transaction uncategorized

It won't count toward any category on Spending Trends or the budgets

Rename or delete a template tab

Tabs that read from it can break or stop filling

Type over a formula on Balances or a budget tab

That number stops updating

Rename a category on the Categories tab

Transactions using the old name won't match until you update them

So if a number looks wrong on a report tab, start at the source. Check Transactions (is it categorized?) or Balance History (did the balance come in?) before editing the report itself.

Try it: categorize one uncategorized transaction, then open Spending Trends and find where it shows up.

8. Safety nets

It's very hard to permanently break your Tiller sheet. Between undo, version history and Tiller's own copy of your data, almost any mistake can be walked back.

Undo first

Cmd + Z (Mac) or Ctrl + Z (Windows) steps back one change at a time. Press it as many times as you need. It works best right after the mistake.

Version history

Google Sheets saves as you go, so there's no Save button. Excel on OneDrive autosaves too. Both keep past versions you can restore.

  • Google Sheets: File > Version history > See version history. Click a date to preview it, then Restore this version.

  • Excel: File > Info > Version History (workbooks stored on OneDrive only).

Restoring Templates

If you make an accidental edit to one of your Tiller spreadsheet's tabs, you can use the Restore option in the Templates feature available from the Tiller Console or Tiller Money Feeds sidebar to fix it. (Read more)

Tiller keeps your original data

Editing a transaction doesn't change what Tiller has stored. Tiller keeps the original data in its own database, and a new spreadsheet connected to Tiller will fill with it (read more).

Make a copy to experiment

Want to try something new? Make a copy first: File > Make a copy (Sheets) or File > Save a Copy (Excel). Or right-click a single tab and choose Duplicate, then experiment on the duplicate.

Try it: open version history on your Tiller sheet and click through a few past versions. Don't restore anything, just look.

9. Collaboration

Sharing lets a partner, family member or accountant work in your Tiller sheet with you, even at the same time. Google Sheets and Excel both do this well, but they set it up a little differently.

What sharing does and doesn't give someone

  • Sharing the spreadsheet lets someone view, comment on or edit it, depending on the permission you choose. An editor can categorize transactions, update budgets, and anything else you can do in the sheet.

  • Sharing doesn't give them your Tiller account. They can't refresh accounts, fill new transactions or run AutoCat. For that, add them as a secondary user (source).

Sharing in Google Sheets

  1. Click Share in the top-right corner.

  2. Type the person's email address.

  3. Choose Viewer, Commenter or Editor, then click Send.

They'll get an email invite. To edit, they need to be signed in with a Google account.

Keep your financial data private by sharing with specific email addresses. Under General access, leave it set to Restricted rather than "Anyone with the link."

Sharing in Excel

In Excel, where the file is saved matters. The workbook must be saved in OneDrive or SharePoint to share it. A file stored only on your computer can't be shared for editing together (source).

  1. Make sure the workbook is saved to OneDrive and AutoSave is on (top-left corner).

  2. Click Share in the top-right corner.

  3. Type the person's email address, choose Can edit or Can view, then send.

Avoid emailing the workbook as an attachment. That creates a separate copy, and changes won't sync between the two files.

Working together

  • See each other live. When someone else has the file open, you'll see their name or picture at the top and a colored outline on the cell they're in.

  • Leave comments. Right-click a cell and choose Comment (Sheets) or New Comment (Excel). Type @ and a name to notify someone.

  • See who changed what. Version history (section 8) shows each person's edits.

  • Filter without disrupting each other. Use a filter view in Sheets or Sheet View in Excel (section 6).

Sharing at a glance

Task

Google Sheets

Excel

Where the file needs to be

Google Drive (always)

OneDrive or SharePoint

Where to share

Share button, top right

Share button, top right

Permission options

Viewer, Commenter, Editor

Can view, Can edit

Editing at the same time

Always on

Works when saved to OneDrive with AutoSave on

Private filters

Filter view

Sheet View

Good habits

  • Give view-only access to anyone who just needs to look, like an accountant. Editors can change anything in the sheet.

  • Agree on who categorizes what, so you aren't both editing the same transactions.

  • You can remove someone's access anytime from the same Share menu. Check who has access now and then.

Try it: open the Share menu on your Tiller sheet and review who has access today (only you by default).

10. Google Sheets and Excel, side by side

The Foundation Template works the same in both apps. Only a few menu names differ.

Task

Google Sheets

Excel

Saving

Automatic

Automatic on OneDrive; otherwise Cmd/Ctrl + S

Freeze the header row

View > Freeze

View > Freeze Panes

Turn on a filter

Filter icon or Data > Create a filter

Data > Filter

Private filter in a shared file

Filter view

Sheet View

Show hidden tabs

View > Hidden sheets

Right-click a tab > Unhide

Past versions

File > Version history

File > Info > Version History

Keep learning

Sources

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